How Image Acquisition Geometry of UAV Campaigns Affects the Derived Products and Their Accuracy in Areas with Complex Geomorphology

The detailed and accurate mapping of landscapes their geomorphological characteristics is a key issue in hazard management. current study examines whether the image acquisition geometry unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) campaigns affects accuracy derived products, i.e., orthophotos, digital surface models (DSMs) photogrammetric point clouds, while performing landslide area. UAV flights were executed collected imagery was organized into three subcategories based on viewing angle camera. first subcategory consists nadir imagery, second composed oblique third category blends both imagery. processing carried out using structure-from-motion photogrammetry (SfM). High-resolution products generated, consisting DSMs photogrammetric-based clouds. Their evaluated utilizing statistical approaches such as estimation root mean square error (RMSE), calculation geometric feature, length measurement, cloud-to-cloud distances well qualitive criteria. All quantitative qualitative results taken account for impact assessment. It demonstrated that oblique-viewing combination could be used effectively areas with complex topography steep slopes overpass 60 degrees. Moreover, assessment revealed those geometries contribute to creation significantly better compared corresponding one arising from nadir-viewing